Partnering with In Vitro Fertilization (IVF)

Pre-Implantation Genetic Diagnosis (PGD) is typically conducted in conjunction with in vitro fertilization (IVF). IVF involves the stimulation of the ovaries to produce multiple eggs, which are then retrieved and fertilized in a laboratory setting. This creates a pool of embryos for further evaluation using PGD.

Embryo Biopsy

Extracting Cells for Genetic Analysis: In PGD, a small number of cells are carefully extracted from the developing embryos. This biopsy procedure is performed by highly skilled embryologists using specialized micromanipulation techniques. The cells are carefully separated from the embryo while ensuring minimal disruption to its overall development.

Cutting-Edge Genetic Analysis Techniques

The extracted cells from each embryo are subjected to advanced genetic analysis techniques to reveal their genetic composition. These techniques may include polymerase chain reaction (PCR), fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH), comparative genomic hybridization (CGH), or next-generation sequencing (NGS). These methods enable the detection of specific genetic mutations, single gene disorders, or chromosomal abnormalities.

Embryo Selection

Choosing the Healthiest Candidates: Following the genetic analysis, the embryos are evaluated based on their genetic profiles. The genetic information obtained helps identify embryos that are free from specific genetic disorders or chromosomal abnormalities. The selection process aims to prioritize the transfer of genetically healthy embryos with the highest chances of successful implantation and the development of a healthy pregnancy.

Embryo Transfer and Implantation

Once the genetically screened embryos have been selected, they are transferred into the uterus of the intended mother or a gestational carrier. This process is typically performed under ultrasound guidance, ensuring accurate placement of the embryos in the optimal location for implantation. The hope is that one or more of the transferred embryos will successfully implant in the uterine lining, leading to a successful pregnancy.

Follow-up Monitoring and Support

After embryo transfer, individuals undergoing PGD will receive continued monitoring and support from their fertility clinic. This may include hormonal monitoring, ultrasound scans, and ongoing communication with the medical team to track the progress of the pregnancy.

Additional Embryo Freezing (Cryopreservation)

In some cases, there may be surplus embryos that are not transferred immediately. These excess embryos can be cryopreserved through a process called vitrification, which involves rapid freezing to preserve their viability for future use. Cryopreserved embryos can be stored for an extended period and later thawed and transferred during subsequent cycles, offering additional opportunities for pregnancy.